Economics (NCERT) Notes

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Economics (NCERT) Notes

• 1.1 Production and Allocation of Resources (Class XII)
• 1.2 Central Problem of Economy (Class XII)
• 1.3 Microeconomics and Macroeconomics (Class XII)
• 2.1 Cardinal Utility Analysis (Class XII)
• 2.2 Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility (Class XII)
• 2.3 Ordinal Utility Analysis and Indifference Curve (Class XII)
• 2.4 Features of Indifference Curve (Class XII)
• 2.5 The Consumer’s Budget (Class XII)
• 2.6 Price Ratio and the Slope of the Budget Line (Class XII)
• 2.7 Optimal Choice of Consumer (Class XII)
• 2.8 Demand (Class XII)
• 2.9 Law of Demand (Class XII)
• 2.10 Shifts in the Demand Curve (Class XII)
• 2.11 Market Demand (Class XII)
• 2.12 Elasticity of Demand (Class XII)
• 2.13 Elasticity Demand Curve (Class XII)
• 1.1 India Under British Rule (Class XI)
• 1.2 Status of Different Sectors of Economy (Class XI)
• 1.3 Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence (Class XI)
• 2.1 Types of Economies (Class XI)
• 2.2 Planning Commission (Class XI)
• 2.3 Land Reforms (Class XI)
• 2.4 Green Revolution (Class XI)
• 2.4 Trade and Industry (Class XI)
• 2.5 Trade Policy: Import Substitution (Class XI)
• 3.1 New Economic Policy (Class XI)
• 3.2 Liberalisation (Class XI)
• 3.3 Privatisation (Class XI)
• 3.4 Navratnas (Class XI)
• 3.5 Globalization (Class XI)
• 3.6 World Trade Organisation (WTO) (Class XI)
• 2.14 Relationship between Elasticity and Demand (Class XII)
• 2.15 Relationship between Elasticity and Expenditure (Class XII)
• 3.1 Production Function (Class XII)
• 3.2 Isoquant (Class XII)
• 3.3 The Short Run and the Long Run (Class XII)
• 3.4 Total Product, Average Product, and Marginal Product (Class XII)
• 3.5 The Law of Diminishing Marginal Product (Class XII)
• 3.6 Returns to Scale (Class XII)
• 3.7 Assessment of Indian Economy During Reforms (Class XI)
• 4.1 Assessment of Poverty (Class XI)
• 4.2 Categorisation of Poverty (Class XI)
• 4.3 The Challenge of Poverty (Class XI)
• 4.4 Policies for Poverty Alleviation (Class XI)
• 4.5 Assessment of Poverty Alleviation Programmes (Class XI)
• 5.1 Sources of Human Capital (Class XI)
• 5.2 Human Capital and Economic Growth (Class XI)
• 5.3 Human Capital and Human Development (Class XI)
• 3.7 Various Concepts of Costs (Class XII)
• 3.8 Shapes of the Short-Run Cost Curves (Class XII)
• 3.9 Long-Run Costs (Class XII)
• 4.1 Defining Features in Perfect Competition (Class XII)
• 4.2 Revenue of a Firm (Class XII)
• 4.3 Profit Maximization-I (Class XII)
• 4.4 Profit Maximization-II (Class XII)
• 4.5 Short-Run Supply Curve of a Firm (Class XII)
• 5.4 Assessment of Education Sector in India (Class XI)
• 6.1 Rural Development (Class XI)
• 6.2 Rural Credit System (Class XI)
• 6.3 Agricultural Market System in India (Class XI)
• 6.4 Diversification into Productive Activities (Class XI)
• 6.5 Infrastructure and Economic Development (Class XI)
• 6.6 Horticulture and other Alternate Livelihood Options (Class XI)
• 6.7 Organic Farming and Sustainable Development (Class XI)
• 7.1 Worker and Employment (Class XI)
• 7.2 Participation of People in Employment (Class XI)
• 7.3 Employment Scenario in India (Class XI)
• 7.4 Formal and Informal Sector (Class XI)
• 7.5 Unemployment in India (Class XI)
• 7.6 Government and Employment Generation (Class XI)
• 8.1 Importance of Infrastructure (Class XI)
• 8.2 Energy Sector (Class XI)
• 4.6 Long-Run Supply Curve of a Firm (Class XII)
• 4.7 Break-Even Point and Opportunity Cost (Class XII)
• 4.8 Determinant of a Firm’s supply curve (Class XII)
• 4.9 Market supply Curve (Class XII)
• 4.10 Price Elasticity of Supply (Class XII)
• 5.1 Market Equilibrium (Class XII)
• 5.2 Market Equilibrium for Fixed Number of Firms (Class XII)
• 5.3 Wage Determination in Labour Market (Class XII)
• 5.4 Impact of Shifts in Demand (Class XII)
• 5.5 Impact of Shift in Supply and Demand (Class XII)
• 5.6 Market Equilibrium: Free Entry and Exit (Class XII)
• 5.7 Shifts in Demand (Class XII)
• 5.8 Applications of Supply-Demand Analysis (Class XII)
• 6.1 Non-competitive Markets (Class XII)
• 6.2 Price Quantity Relationship for a Monopoly Firm (Class XII)
• 6.3 Total, Average and Marginal Revenues (Class XII)
• 6.4 Zero Cost Monopoly Firm (Class XII)
• 6.5 Equilibrium Condition for a Monopoly Firm (Class XII)
• 6.6 Comparison of Monopoly firm with Perfect Competition (Class XII)
• 6.7 Equilibrium of Monopolistic Competition (Class XII)
• 6.8 Behaviour of Firms in Oligopoly (Class XII)
• 8.3 Electricity Generation (Class XI)
• 8.4 Health Infrastructure (Class XI)
• 8.5 Public Healthcare in India (Class XI)
• 8.6 Private Healthcare in India (Class XI)
• 8.7 Critical Appraisal of Health Sector (Class XI)
• 9.1 Environmental Crisis (Class XI)
• 9.2 Global Warming and Ozone Depletion (Class XI)
• 9.3 State of India’s Environment (Class XI)
• 9.4 Pollution Control (Class XI)
• 9.5 Sustainable Development (Class XI)
• 9.6 Strategies for Sustainable Development (Class XI)
• 10.1 Comparison of Economies of India with its Neighbour (Class XI)
• 10.2 Reforms and China and Pakistan (Class XI)
• 10.3 Demographic Indicators of India, China, and Pakistan (Class XI)
• 10.4 An Appraisal of Developmental Strategies (Class XI)
• 1.1 Development (Class X)
• 1.2 Human and Sustainable Development (Class X)
• 2.1 Sectors of the Indian Economy (Class X)
• 2.2 Employment Trends in India (Class X)
• 2.3 Organised and Unorganised Sector (Class X)
• 3.1 Money and Banking (Class X)
• 3.2 Loans and Credit (Class X)
• 3.3 Formal Sector Credit in India (Class X)
• 4.1 Globalization and the Indian Economy (Class X)
• 4.2 Foreign Trade and Integration of Markets (Class X)
• 4.3 Factors affecting Globalization (Class X)
• 4.4 Impact of Globalization in India (Class X)
• 5.1 Consumer Rights (Class X)
• 5.2 Consumer Movement in India (Class X)
• 5.3 Consumer Protection Act (Class X)
• 5.4 Case Studies of Consumer Rights (Class X)
• 1.1 Factors of Production (Class IX)
• 1.2 Increasing Agricultural Productivity (Class IX)
• 2.1 People as Resource (Class IX)
• 2.2 Quality of Population (Class IX)
• 2.3 The Problem of Unemployment (Class IX)
• 3.1 The Challenge of Poverty (Class IX)
• 3.2 Inequality in Poverty (Class IX)
• 3.3 Global Fight Against Poverty (Class IX)
• 3.4 Public Distribution System in India (Class IX)
• 3.5 Anti-Poverty Measures (Class IX)
• 4.1 Food Security in India (Class IX)
• 4.2 Hunger and Food Insufficiency (Class IX)
• 4.3 Food Security System in India (Class IX)
• 4.4 Public Distribution System (Class IX)